述職范文|初中定語從句教案(匯編十一篇)_初中定語從句教案
發表時間：2020-11-02初中定語從句教案(匯編十一篇)。
? 初中定語從句教案 ?
定語從句考點總結
定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾部分或整個句子。
被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之后，由關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)引出。
關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
關系副詞有：when, where, why, how。
關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又可做定語從句的一個成分。當關系代詞做賓語時可以省略。
定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數量上和先行詞保持一致。
定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
關系代詞引導的定語從句
1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換).
例如：
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等.
例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
(which / that在句中作賓語)
關系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區別：
不用that的情況：
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時
(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c) 多用who 的情況
①關系代詞在從句中做主語
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
②先行詞為those, people 時
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
③先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
⑤在被分隔的定語從句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有兩個定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時，后一個必須重復前一個關系代詞。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
c)先行詞為序數詞(the last)、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.
d)先行詞既有人，又有物時。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
e)當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重復。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
f)關系代詞在從句中做表語
He is not the man that he used to be.
關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
關系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.
例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
注意：
①在非限制性定語從句中，"介詞+ which"結構不能代替關系副詞。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
②含有介詞短語的動詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動詞后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?
名詞/數詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級 + 介詞 + 關系代詞引導定語從句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
as, which 引導非限定性定語從句的差別
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法區別：
(1) as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which。
(3)非限定性定語從句中出現expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想象、預料等時。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和??一樣??。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
? 初中定語從句教案 ?
定語從句在英語中被稱為adjective clause，是一種通過描寫、限制或者說明名詞的從句，通常用來修改主句中的名詞或代詞。在高中英語學習中，定語從句是一個非常重要的語法知識點，掌握它能夠幫助學生提高語言表達的準確性和流暢性。為此，老師們制作了一份精美的高中定語從句課件，旨在幫助學生更好地理解和掌握這一知識點。
這份課件從定語從句的概念、功能、結構和使用方法等方面進行了詳細的講解。課件會介紹定語從句的定義和作用，讓學生明白定語從句是如何幫助我們準確描述和限定名詞的。課件會詳細解釋定語從句的結構，包括引導詞、連接詞和從句中的成分等，幫助學生了解定語從句的構成方式。
在課件的學習過程中，學生會通過豐富多樣的例句和練習題來鞏固所學知識。這些例句涵蓋了各種不同的句型和語境，在幫助學生理解定語從句的同時，還能提高他們的語言運用能力。而練習題則可以檢測學生對定語從句的掌握程度，幫助他們發現和解決自己的學習問題。
除了基礎知識的講解和練習，這份課件還設計了一些有趣的互動環節，比如定語從句的小游戲和角色扮演活動等。通過這些互動環節，學生不僅能夠在活潑有趣的氛圍中學習，還能夠更加深入地理解和運用定語從句。這種全方位的學習方式不僅可以提高學生的學習興趣，還能夠激發他們學習英語的積極性和熱情。
這份高中定語從句課件是一份生動具體且詳細的教學材料，能夠有效地幫助學生掌握定語從句這一重要的語法知識點。通過這份課件的學習，學生可以更好地理解和運用定語從句，提高自己的語言表達能力，為將來的英語學習打下堅實的基礎。
? 初中定語從句教案 ?
定語從句總結表格，一起來看看吧。
定語從句
關系
代詞指代例句
who指人,寵物,This is the man who helped me.
whose所有格,
指人,物This is the boss whose name is Michael.
whom賓語, 指人The doctor whom you are looking for
is in the room.
that人,物,
主語或動賓This is the boy that broke the window.
which人,物,The building which is in front of you
主語或介賓 is our school.
I am going to drop out school, （非限）
which makes my parents worried.
關系
副詞
when從句時間Do you remember the day
when he came to see you?難點Is Sheba the dog who was killed last year? (指代動物)This is the boss in whose company my farther is working now. (復雜結構)whose = the…of which (P314)There was no one to whom I can turn for help.(復雜結構)of whom (其中) most of whom, none of whom…He is the only person that I want to talk to. (不用which) (P315)作表語: He is no longer the man that he used to be.of which (其中) most of which, none of whichin which case / during which time / at which time 引導從句It was in 1979 that he was elected Chairman.It was 1979 when he was elected Chairman of our club.
I bought the book 2 years ago, since when I have used no others.
Cases are introduced to you
where從句地點why
特殊
as限制性
定語從句
非限制性
定語從句You have reached the point where a change is needed.Tell me the reason why you are late.the same…as (P320)such…as They use such simple words as can be understood by us.as…as (P320)(正如) as is mentioned above as has been reported before
as is often the case as is known to all where you can employ this law.(condition, circumstances, system, example…)I am going to Shanghai where lives my aunt. (從句倒裝)I climbed to the top of the mountain, from where I could see thewhole city.先行詞只有reasonCan you repeat the reason that you gave yesterday?They use such simple words that we can understand them.(狀語從句中，that不擔任成分,不可以省略)可以位于句首, 與主語從句區分It is known to all that… (形式主語)As is known to all, (定語從句)What is known to all is that (主語從句)
? 初中定語從句教案 ?
1.先行詞是人，作主語，關系代詞用who, that
eg. He is a man（ ） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行詞是人，作賓語，關系代詞用 whom, who, that,
eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
3. 先行詞是物，作主語，關系代詞用which, that
eg . The train （ ） has just left is for Guangzhou.
Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行詞是物，作賓語，關系代詞用which, that,或省略
eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行詞是人、物，作定語，關系代詞用whose
eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.
China, （ ） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
?、? 關系副詞 1.先行詞是表示時間的名詞，在定從中作時間狀語，關系代詞用when eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad. I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army. 2.先行詞是表示地點的名詞，在定從中作地點狀語，關系代詞用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地點名詞，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度時，也需用where eg. This is the village （ ） Uncle Wang once lived. They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3. 先行詞是reason，在定從中作原因狀語，關系代詞用why eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late. None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting. 4.引導定語從句的關系副詞也可以用“適當介詞 + which”來代替。 eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when （ = ） the People’s Republic of China was founded. This is the factory where（= ） we worked a year ago. I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school. 定語從句，起形容詞的作用，在句中常用來修飾名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞,引導定語從句的詞稱為關系詞, 關系詞的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起引導作用;二是在意義上代替先行詞,并在從句中充當一個成分。其中關系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；關系副詞：when, where, why。 eg. She is the girl who sings best of all. The pen which my uncle gave me is missing. He lives in a house whose windows face south. The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities. 教學目標 1. 知識目標：掌握下列重點單詞和詞組的意思及用法ache， evercise， weight， give up， interest及其詞匯轉化 2. 能力目標：能夠詢問有關健康的信息，表達態度，提供建議。學習使用由whose引導的定語從句。 3.情感目標：通過了解tony 的經歷，培養體諒、關愛他人的情感態度。 教學重難點 1.重點：對話中的句型應用，由whose引導的定語從句 2.難點：由whose引導的定語從句的運用。 教學工具 課件 教學過程 [課前朗讀]: 朗讀生詞ache， exercise， weight， give up， interest， tasty----taste， menu， persuade.根據音標讀出單詞并了解漢語意思，養成學生自主學習詞匯的習慣，促使學生迅速進入學習狀態。 [檢查詞匯預習]： a.采取學生結對、小組互查等形式來檢查學生對詞匯的預習情況。 b.朗讀單詞，注意發音。 一、情境導入 教師可問學生：(1)What’s your favourite sport?(2) How do you think we can keep fit?(3) Have you ever remembered what happened to Tony in Module9?這樣會調動學生用英語思維的積極性， 引出本單元話題。 二、小聽力(自主完成，合作釋疑) 聽Activity 2，完成表格 Betty Lingling Taijiquan Weight training Running 針對表格進行說的練習。如：How does Lingling think of Taijiquan and running? 三、大聽力 多層聽 1.聽Activity 3，完成下列各題。 1).Who has Betty bumped into? A. The head teacher B. The English teacher C.Lingling and Betty 2).Does Daming think that the boy in his team can go to a sports school ? A. Yes， he does B. No， he doesn’t C. We don’t know 3).What does Daming want the head teacher to write ? A. Something about staying healthy B. Something about training for the Olympics C. something about buying a camera 2. 再聽Activity 3，完成下列表格。 1. How did Tony feel the basketball training? 1. He feels very 2. What will the boy in Daming’s team need to do? 2. He needs to do a lot of___ _____ 3. Why isn’t allowed to use his father’s camera any more? 3. Because he almost __ ______ it last time. 四、默讀對話，自主完成Activity 4. 完成后小組展示并糾正。小組間合作解決activity 3中不懂的地方，教師適時點撥。 五、突破重點與難點 對重點內容和疑難問題進行合作探究學習。 1.My legs ache a bit. ___________________(翻譯) (1) a bit 譯為_____________. 其同義短語是___________. 自主造句:_______________________________. 2. Don’t give up if you want to stay fit.__________________________. give up， 放棄。其中up是代詞，后跟名詞作賓語時可放在短語 ，也可放在 ，而跟代詞賓語時只能放 。例如：give it/them up放棄做某事----give up doing sth. 自主造句： _______________________. 我們學過的可加動名詞的動詞或短語有 3.He is not fit or strong enough.____________________________ 總結enough 的用法并舉例 自主造句: 4. I’ve got a friend whose brother is training for the Olympics.此句含有一個whose 引導的定語從句，whose在從句中作定語，又如： He is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman. There is a boy whose parents want him to go to a sports school. 先行詞為無生命的物體時也可以用whose 引導定語從句.如： The book whose cover is green is mine. No one now lives in the room whose windows are broken. 5.找出含有whose 的定語從句并翻譯句子。分析定語從句的先行詞。 5. 自主補充完善 六、歸納短語 通過對對話的學習，讓學生歸納本課的短語，可以小組合作，然后通過展示呈現出一個小組的成果，然后其他小組補充完善。 七、誦讀積累 (一)跟錄音機朗讀對話，模仿語音語調。 (二)讀熟對話 (三)讀爛短語 (四)讀爛下列重點句子 1.Don’t give up if you want to stay fit. 2. He isn’t fit or strong enough. 3.I’m not allowed to use it any more. 4.It’s my father who gives me my pocket money. 5. Don’t talk to me about that. 6. What’s up? 7.Guess what? 8. (含有whose的定語從句) 八、說的訓練： Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Activity 5. 九、當堂檢測 翻譯下列短語及句子： 1.放棄___________________ 2.一點_____________________________ 3.保持健康 _______________ 4.足夠強壯_________________ 5.碰巧遇到_________________ 6.發生什么事了?_________________ 7.看起來像 ________________ 8.祝你好運 ________________ 一教學目標 1 復習和掌握定語從句中關系代詞和關系副詞的作用和功能，能準確選擇定語從句所需的關系代詞或關系副詞。 2 能較好地運用定語從句，能正確組織包含定語從句的復合句。 3通過學習調動學習積極性，使學生體會到英語的趣味和實用性。 二、重難點： 提高學生對語法復習的興趣和積極性，較好地掌握定語從句的用法，理解定語從句，運用知識點解題。 三、學情分析 語法向來是學生頭痛的一項內容，而定語從句在歷來的`中考試題中都有所體現，因此,掌握這一內容顯得尤其重要。而對于我們農村學生來說，英語的基礎比較差，再加上語法復習基本以呈現理論為主再輔以練習，內容枯燥，學生興趣不夠，容易分散注意力，所以應溶入一些新的教學元素。中學生爭強好勝，喜歡新事物，于是我考慮借用大家感興趣的話題通過競爭法、音像法等促進學生的熱情，增強學習的效果。 四、教學方法 以學生為主體，嘗試創新思維，聯系社會采用討論、協作、探究、競爭的教學模式，引導學生靈活運用所學語法知識。 五、教學手段 利用多媒體計算機創設教學情景、問題情景，擴大教學容量，增強教學的趣味性和時效性。 六、課前準備 教師準備相關多媒體課件。 七、教學課時：一課時 八、教學過程 Step 1：示范 教師利用多媒體向學生展示本校優美的校園和豐富的校園生活。請學生描述所看到的情景和人物，教師同時向學生用含有定語從句的句子總結學生的表述，引出定語從句。 學生：This is our classroom. It is bright and big. Or: This is our classroom. We study in the classroom every day. 教師：This is our classroom that is bright and big. Or: This is our classroom where we study every day. 學生：This is our English teacher. He loves us all. Or: This is our English teacher. His pronunciation is perfect. 教師：This is our English teacher who loves us all. Or: this is our English teacher whose pronunciation is perfect. 設計意圖： 課前用數碼相機拍幾張校園里的人和物的圖片，上課時用多媒體展示給學生看，讓學生有親近感，拉近了師生距離，使學生產生表達的欲望。 學生的已有語言基礎充許他們介紹所看到的圖片，教師在學生描述的基礎上，用合并兩個簡單句的方法，導入定語從句。 Step 2：語言活動 Game 1：一個比劃一個猜 游戲規則： 1． 兩個人配合，一個人面對屏幕、另一個人背對屏幕，面對屏幕的用英語解釋屏幕上出現的某種事物，背對屏幕的那個人則要根據同伴的解釋猜出它的名稱。 2． 規定所猜的單詞必須是教室范圍以內的。 3． 全班分幾個小組，老師在屏幕上展示一張物品或人物圖片，然后由面對屏幕的同學用英語來進行解釋，解釋對了而且同伴答對了，加一分，如果使用定語從句進行解釋，就再加一分。 Some objects that are used in the game: Computer, dictionary, textbook, chair, money, door, eraser, television, pocket, chalk, window, pen, glasses, shoes, paper, knife, pencil, keys, clock, door, water, knife, wall, keyboard, floor Door: something you open before you enter a house or a room Water: something that you drink when you are thirsty Television: something which can broadcast news and other programs 其中有一些單詞需要用介詞加關系代詞引導的定語從句來進行解釋，如： Dictionary: a book in which we can find the meanings or the pronunciation of a new word Chair: a piece of furniture on which people sit Money: something with which we can buy things Computer: a machine with which we are playing the game Game 2：競猜游戲（判斷他／她是誰或它是什么） 1． 活動形式：6～8人小組活動 2． 情境設置：教師先對教室里的人、事或物進行口頭描述。學生聽后作出口頭反應（說出是誰或是什么）。例如： T: She is a girl who got three gold medals in the last sports meet. S: Wu Yan. T: Right. Now another one. It is a book that can tell you the meaning of new words when you study English. S:A dictionary. 3． 游戲規則：游戲分初賽和復賽；初賽后每組選出優秀選手3人參加復賽。為了使任務更加有趣，組員每猜中一次可得一分；教師將學生猜中的人或物寫在黑板上，以防重復猜測；最后角逐出前三名，并予以獎勵。 4． 操作步驟： 1） 教師布置任務，講清游戲規則； 2） 學生活動，教師當裁判并維持秩序； 3） 角逐出復賽選手，復賽后予以獎勵。 5． 注意事項： 1 . TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA 2 . thebookthatyouborrowedfrommeyesterdayishelens,notmine 3 . AscanbeseenasIexpected 4 . Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhichhewasborn他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 5 . Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesn’tknowthis? 6 . Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish 7 . ④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修飾時 8 . Thedoctor(whomyouarelookingforisintheroom 9 . Hewillgiveyousuchinformationaswillhelpyou 10 . 這就是我上周參觀過的那家工廠。 Teaching Aims:(教學目的) 1、初步了解定語從句的概念、結構。 2、初步學習并掌握定語從句的規則，尤其是關系代詞『who，which，that以及whose』的用法。 Teaching Points:(教學重點) 1.定語從句三要素及關系詞的選用 2.只能that或which的情況; Teaching Methods:(教學方法) 1、舉例講解，說明定語從句的用法。 2、以講練結合的方法加深學生印象。 Teaching Steps:(教學步驟) Step1.導入 一、定語及定語從句的概念： a beautiful girl a handsome boy a clever child 1、 定語是用來修飾名次或代詞的。 This is the boy who is clever. 2、定語從句(Attributive Clauses)定義：在主從復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句 定語從句的特點： 定語從句 的引導詞關系代詞where (地點狀語)關系副詞 when (時間狀語) why (原因狀語) Step2:詳細講解定語從句語法知識 1、who和whom指人，在從句中分別做主語和賓語，做賓語時可被省略。 the handsome the tall the strong boy The boy is Tom. the clever the naughty The boy is Tom. 2、which指物，在從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時可被省略。 3、that既可指人也可指物，在從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時可被省略。 4、whose作定語，用來表示先行詞和從句主語之間的所屬關系。 Step3 定語從句考查重點： 定語從句在下列情況下只能用that，而不能用which指物。(指人時可以用who/whom) 1. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如： 2. 當先行詞是不定代詞everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代詞時，或當先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時。如： 3. 當先行詞被序數詞修飾時。如： 4. 當先行詞被表示“正是”的the very, the only修飾時。如： 5. 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。如： 6. 當先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。如： Step 4 Summary:(小結) 注意 關系詞的實質： Step 5 Practices(homework): Part 1.結合課文例句，找出先行詞和關系詞 1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that nigh. 2. It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away. 3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Part2 名言名句欣賞 1. He laughs best who laughs last. 2. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 3. He that gains time gains all things. 4. He who nothing questions, nothing learns. 5. He that cannot ask cannot live. 6. A friend is someone who knows all about you and still loves you. 7. God helps those who help themselves. 8. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man 9. He who does not advance loses ground. Part3 practice 1. Do you know the girl _____ is talking with your mother? A. who B. which C. whose D. / 2. This is the kite _______ Billy Fisher gave to Tom A. who B. which C. / D. Both B and C 3. He was the only one ______ was saved in the earthquake. A. who B. that C. which D. A and B 4. This is the only present _____ I like. A. who B. that C. which D. B and C 5. This is the most beautiful place ______ I have ever seen. A. which B. who C. where D. / 6. All _______ I can do is to give him some money. A. that B. which C. who D. what 7. Is there anything else _____ you need? A. which B. that C. who D. what 8. The museum _____ we visited last week isn’t far from here. A. where B. which C. what D. who 9. Most of the people ____ lost their lives in the earthquake are Sichuan natives. A. when B. who C. how D. which 10. The boy ____ you saw just now is Tom’s brother. A. which B. whose C. when D. / 11. The bike and its rider _____ had run over an old woman were helped up by the policeman. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 12. Is this the factory _____ you worked five years ago? A. in which B. in where C. in that D. that 二、用適當的關系代詞填空 1. Do you like the present _______ I bought you yesterday? 2. The storybook _______ was written by his uncle is quite interesting. 3. The boy _______ computer doesn’t work well needs your help. 4. This is the best movie _______ we have seen this year. 5. The doctor _______ we met in the street is from America. 6. The passengers and the suitcases _____ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane. 7. Who is the girl _______ you want to make friends with? 8. This is the last lesson _______ Mr. Smith taught us. 9. I, _____ am your friend, will help you out. 10. The building ___________ wall is white is my uncle’s house. 11. The boy _______ John spoke with is my brother. 12. Will you please lend me the very picture _________ you bought yesterday? 13. The students ________ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor. 14. The season _________ comes after spring is summer. 15. This is the first museum __________ we visited last Saturday. 16. The girl ________ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital. 17. I found some photos of interesting places _________ were not far away from our city. 18. There is a boy downstairs _________ want to see you. 19. The river ________ banks are covered with trees is very long. 20. I’m going to meet Tom ______ they say is a good boy. 如果一個定語從句在句中的作用是修飾和限定名詞，那么通常就采取譯為前置定語的方法。但注意譯成前置定語后既不能影響原文所表達的意思，還要使整個句子的表達言簡意賅、連貫通順、語氣較強。 例句：Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 譯文：水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。 在前置譯法的過程中如果定語從句中的謂語不含有具體意義，可省譯從句中的謂語。這種譯法很簡便，也很有效。 有時候，出于漢語行文的需要和邏輯關系方面的考慮，可將定語從句提在主語之前翻譯，用來說明情況，但不作為被修飾名詞的定語。 例句：There are also great advantages that come from the variety of culture brought by settlers from other lands. 譯文：移民從個地方帶來了多種文化，產生了極大的好處。 二、后置譯法 我們都知道，英語中很多定語從句都是為了連接兩個具有共同名詞的句子而存在的'，因此在翻譯時最好分為兩個分句。而對于起限定作用的定語從句，如果結構較為復雜，句子太長，無法譯成前置的定語，最后就譯成一個后置的并列分句，這樣更合乎漢語的習慣。 例句：Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power. 譯文：我們的反恐戰爭是一場意志力的較量。在這場較量中，不屈不撓的精神就是力量。 結構較復雜的定語從句常譯成后置的并列分句，在多數情況下要重譯先行詞，或即便句子不長，出于某種原因需要強調先行詞，也要重譯先行詞。 例句：Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth. 譯文：在月亮上，白天和黑夜都相當長，月亮上的一天等于地球上的兩周。 有些定語從句翻譯時譯成后置分句，但可不重譯先行詞，任符合漢語習慣。 例句：Both picnics and BBQ are friendly, informal social events that offer an opportunity to enjoy a meal outside in pleasant surroundings. 譯文：野餐和燒烤都是友情洋溢、不拘禮節的社交活動，可以讓大家在戶外的一個怡情的環境里高高興興地美餐一頓。 三、轉換譯法 有的定語從語法結構上是定語，其定語的作用，從意義上說又相當于一個狀語從句，所以常常被稱為狀語化的定語從句，說明時間、原因、條件、結果、目的、讓步、假設等關系。其中表示因果關系的是考研階段最為重要的知識點。 例句：I’m not speaking of the few thousand astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give, or have a theoretical knowledge of that proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizens, such as you or we. 譯文：我說的不是數千位天文學家、地理學家之類的人，因為他們可以用觀察到的事實或用理論上的依據來證實這點，我指的是如同你我一樣只會看報紙的普通讀者。 修飾名詞或者代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被修飾的名詞或者代詞叫先行詞；定語從句的引導詞叫關系詞（關系代詞&關系副詞）；定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句（前有逗號隔開） 引導定語從句的關系代詞有：that which who whom whose as 關系副詞有：when where why： 1. that 與which 在指代物時的用法區別 that 和which都可以引導先行詞為物的定語從句，但是用法有區別： ① 只能用that的五種情況 a. 先行詞為不定代詞或先行詞由不定代詞修飾時 b. 先行詞前有最高級或序數詞修飾時 c. 先行詞即有人又有物時 d. 先行詞前有the very, the only修飾時 e. 主句為which,或who 引導的特殊疑問句時 ② 只能用which的兩種情況 a. 非限定性定語從句中 b. 介詞之后引導定語從句時 2．which與as的區別 as 和which 都可以引導非限制性定語從句，三種情況下只能用as，不能用which a. as置于句首引導定語從句時（As we know,…） b. as 含有“正如”之意（…as we expected） c. 先行詞前有such, the same 修飾時（…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.） 3. who、whom、that 的區別 a.先行詞為those或people 時，常用關系代詞who,不用that b.介詞之后用關系代詞whom引導定語從句 4. whose 用法 whose+n. 引導定語從句的結構是定語從句的一個考查熱點，此結構可以換成是the+n.+of+which引導定語從句或者可以換成是of which +the+n. e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds. whose hands / of which the hands 5. 介詞+關系代詞引導定語從句的用法 a. 介詞之后的關系代詞只能用which（先行詞為物）或者是whom（先行詞為人） b. 介詞的選擇方法有三個原則：一“先”二“動”三“意義” I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行詞為pen,使用鋼筆用with) This is the house in which he lives. (定語從句中謂語動詞live為不及物動詞) The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根據句意決定) 6. 先行詞為way時 先行詞為way，在定語從句中作狀語時，用that，in which引導定語從句，也可以省略關系詞。 e.g. I don’t like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents. 7. 關系副詞when、where、when引導定語從句的具體用法 ① 先行詞表示時間、地點、原因時，在定語從句中作狀語，選擇相應的關系副詞when、where、why引導定語從句。若其在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則選擇關系代詞引導定語從句。區別三組例句： when my brother was a little boy. b. I still remember the time that/which we spent together. why he was late. c. This is the reason that/which he gave us. ②某些非地點時間名詞有定語從句修飾，關系詞在從句中作狀語，由where引導定語從句（stage, case, point, situation）；同樣用法的還有occasion,由when引導定語從句。 e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay. There are many occasions when people don’t know what they want. 8. 定語從句中的謂語動詞 關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞應該與先行詞保持一致。 e.g. Anyone who wants to have a holiday puts up your hand. Those who want to have a holiday put up your hand. This is one of the students who have passed the exam. This is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 9. 區分定語從句和其他句型 ①區別于簡單句和并列句 It is in the classroom (where we have classes) that the meeting will be held. (定語從句修飾先行詞the classroom) (強調句型，強調部分為介詞短句in the classroom) ③區別于同位語從句 that she had passed the exam （同位語從句：對名詞解釋說明） The news excited us. that he told us （定語從句：對名詞修飾限定） ④區別于狀語從句 Do you know the time when the class is over? (定語從句，有先行詞) Let’s play games when the class is over.（時間狀語從句，無先行詞） Put the book where it belongs. (地點狀語從句，無先行詞) 10. 定語從句中關系詞的省略 定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞可以省略，介詞之后的關系代詞不可省略。 This is the house which he lives in. (√) This is the house he lives in. (√) This is the house in which he lives. (√) This is the house in he lives. (×)? 初中定語從句教案 ?
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我們精彩推薦初中定語從句教案專題，靜候訪問專題：初中定語從句教案
