被動語態教案
發表時間：2025-07-17被動語態教案（分享19篇）。
? 被動語態教案 ?
答案及部分解析：
1-5 BADDD 6-10 DCDDD 11-15 ADBDC 16-20 BCBCB
21-25 BDDAA 26-30 ABBAD 31-35 DADCC 36-40 ABDDC
1. 進行時態與always, all the time等連用，表示習慣性行為，且帶有濃厚的感情色彩。此處可理解為“你總是丟三落四的”。
2. recently常與現在完成時或一般過去時連用。第二空應用一般現在時。
3. next time引導時間狀語從句，而且其謂語動詞常用一般現在時表示將來。
4. 由題意“他本來打算在會上發言，但……”可知應選D項。
5. Oh, I was talking to myself.意為“噢， 我（剛才）只是在自言自語”。
6. “乒乓球打得好”是一般情況，故用一般現在時。
9. 現在完成進行時可用于表示動作或狀態從過去某一時間開始，一直持續到現在，有可能繼續延續下去，也可能剛剛結束。本題使用現在完成進行時強調了動作的持續性和未完成性。
10. 此處用現在進行時來解釋前面所說的話，意為“我猜你剛才一定很匆忙，毛衫都穿反了”。
11. 由賓語從句中的.would fix可斷定第一空用had expected（表示“過去本來期望”）；第二空用had intended（to do...），表示“過去本來打算（去做……）”。
14. 現在進行時可用于表示動作的漸進過程。又如：Her hair is getting grayer and grayer.她的頭發正變得越來越花白。
15. 此空用將來進行時表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作。
16. 此處表示“前天之前艾利斯曾經去哪兒了？”故用過去完成時態。
18. Where do you think _____ he...?為雙重疑問句，故第一空不填；第二空為過去發生的動作，故用一般過去時態。
21. He _____ to the radio with his eyes shut.后省略了when I entered the room。此處意為“（當我進入那個房間時，）他正閉著眼睛聽收音機”。
22. 按時間表或日程表安排將要發生的事，常用一般現在時表示將來。
23. 題意為“火車將一直以目前的速度行駛直到今晚9點到達山腳下。”
24. 此處prefer意為“寧愿”，是表示人心理狀態的動詞，不宜用現在進行時態。
27. 某些動詞，如：wash, lock, sell, wear, write, read, open, clean等常用一般現在時的主動語態來表示主語（通常是物）的內在品質或屬性等。
28. “by+將來某一時間”常與將來完成時態連用。
29. 由答語中的“Not yet”可斷定此題應選A。現在完成時態的用法之一是“表示過去某一時間發生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果”。
31. 表示“天將下雨”常用It’s going to rain。If only...表示“但愿……”；如果表示與過去的事實相反，句中謂語動詞常用過去完 成時態。
?
? 被動語態教案 ?
由“助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時：am/is/are +過去分詞。如：
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞。如：
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時：am/is/are being +過去分詞。如：
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時：was/were/being +過去分詞。如：
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時：will be +過去分詞。如：
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時：would be +過去分詞。如：
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時：have/has been +過去分詞。如：
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時：had been +過去分詞。如：
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時，發現票已賣完了。
? 被動語態教案 ?
西安對外漢語教師教你辨析對外漢語教學中的“被動句”
被動句是漢語中常用的句型之一，也是對外漢語教學中的重點。本文通過列舉句型和例子，將被動句整理歸納，方便理解與教學。
1.意義上的被動句
例1:菜做好了。
例2:錢我已經交給他了。
注意: 1.這種被動句的主語應是確指的,而且主語不是動作的發出者而是接受者。
2.這種被動句的謂語動詞是及物的,而且謂語部分不能只是一個簡單的動詞, 還必須帶有狀語、補語＼“ 了”等其他成分。2.有標志的被動句(“被”字句)
注意: 1.有標志的被動句的主語一定是受事者,“被”的賓語一定是施事者。2.有標志被動句的謂語動詞一定是能支配或影響句中主語的及物動詞。3.否定副詞“ 沒(有)”一般放在介詞“ 被”之前。
4.作全句狀語的副詞和介詞短語放在“被”之前,作動詞狀語的副詞和介詞短語放在謂語動詞前。
1)主語+ 被(叫/ 讓)+ 賓語+(給)+ 動詞+ 其他成分
說明:這種用法中的“給”是結構助詞,可用可不用。
例1:頭發被雨(給)淋濕了?！氨弧焙罂梢詻]有賓語。
例2:那只玻璃花瓶叫小貓(給)碰倒摔碎了?！暗摹⒆尅焙笠欢ㄓ匈e語。
例3:我的自行車讓人(給)偷走了。
注意:這種句法中“被、叫、讓”后邊的賓語可以是泛指的。2)主語+ 被+ 動詞+ 其他成分
例1:教室沒被打掃干凈。T介詞只能用“被”, 不能用“叫、讓”。例2:他被選為我們班的代表。
3)給+(賓語)+ 動詞+ 其他成分
說明:“ 給”表示“ 叫、讓”的意思。
例1:時間給你耽誤了。
例2:家里的門給鎖起來了我進不去。
注意: 1.“給”表示“叫、讓”意義時構成的被動句與前兩種形式相同,“給”的用法與介詞“被”相同。
2.表示“叫、讓”意義的介詞“ 給”不能與結構助詞“ 給”連用。
說明:以上三種形式的被動句謂語動詞后都必須帶有其他成分,如“ 了、過”,補語,賓語等;但不能帶“ 著”和可能補語。4)..被(為)..(所)..例1:同學們被他的精神所感動。
例2:這種觀點已為大家(所)接受。
注意: 這種格式中“被”一定要有賓語,謂語動詞多為雙音節的, 后面往往沒有其他成分
體驗專業對外漢語課程，考取英國City&Guilds國際教師資格，掌握傳授中文的能力，走遍全球都不怕！
? 被動語態教案 ?
一、對各種時態的考查 1.考查一般現在時的'用法 一般現在時表示經常性或習慣性的動作或現在存在的狀態,常以now,at present以及often,sometimes,usually,always,seldom,every day等表示頻度的副詞或副詞性短語為時態標志;一般現在時也可以表示不受任何時間制約的客觀事實或普遍真理.
作 者：盤筍 ?作者單位：?刊 名：初中生?英文刊名：JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS?年，卷(期)：?”“(18)?分類號：?關鍵詞：?? 被動語態教案 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. I’m sorry, _____ I won’t be able to come tonight.
【陷阱】容易誤選A，因為空格后的句子是用以說明 I’m sorry 的原因的，所以便想當然地認為要選for來表示原因。
【分析】事實上，I’m sorry 后習慣上不接表示原因的連詞 for，而接表示轉折的連詞 but（也可省略 but），用以委婉地提出一個使對方不快的事實。又如：
Oh, sorry, but she’s out. 哦，不好意思，她出去了。
I’m sorry, but I have to disagree. 對不起，我不敢茍同。
I’m sorry, but I have already had another appointment. 對不起，我已經有約會了。
注：I’m sorry 后雖然不能接表原因的連詞for，但卻可接介詞 for.如：
I’m sorry for shouting at you. 對不起沖你嚷嚷了。
I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不該對你講那些話。
2. The point is not who said the words, _____ they are true or not.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為A.此題涉及兩個搭配：一是 not … but …（不是……而是……），二是 whether … or not （是否）。請看類例：
He was not an actor, who often appeared on stage, _____ a writer, writing stories.
答案選A，主要考查 not … but … 結構。
3. Just because they make more money than I do, _____ they seem to look down on me.
【陷阱】但容易誤選A，將漢語的“因為……所以……”直譯為 because … so …。
【分析】此題正確答案為D，但是按英語語法，because 為從屬連詞，用以引導原因狀語從句，它表明整個句子為復合句；而 so 在表示“所以”時，它是并列連詞，用以連接兩個簡單句使之成為并列句。由于在同一句中既用了從屬連詞 because，又用了并列連詞 so，使得該句一半像復合句，一半像并列句，從而導致錯誤。正確的做法是，任意去掉 because 和 so 中的一個，使之要么成為復合句，要么成為并列句。
4. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, _____ he won first prize.
【陷阱】容易誤選A，將漢語的“雖然……但是……”直譯為 although … but …。
【分析】正確答案選D.按英語語法，although 為從屬連詞，用以引導讓步狀語從句，它表明整個句子為復合句；而 but 在表示“但是”時，它是并列連詞，用以連接兩個簡單句使之成為并列句。由于在同一句中既用了從屬連詞 although，又用了并列連詞 but ，使得該句一半像復合句，一半像并列句，從而導致錯誤。正確的做法是，任意去掉 although 和 but 中的一個，使之要么成為復合句，要么成為并列句。其實，此題與上面一題的分析思路是一樣的。這里順便說一句，許多同學（包括許多老師和教學參考書）為了便于記憶，將此題與上面一題的知識點簡單地歸納為“按英語習慣，because和so不可連用，although 與 but 不可連用”。這種說法在通常情況下無疑是對的，也是有效的，但同學們一定要在明白以上道理的情況下來使用此規則，如果只是死記該規則，有時遇到一些語言特例仍然會出錯。如：
But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我當時的確不知道此事，盡管后來我還是知道了。
此句既用了并列連詞 but，又用了從屬連詞 although，但它并未造成錯誤，原因是此句與上面所討論的情形有所不同，即此句 but 用于 although 之前，but 在此僅起到與上文轉折的作用，but 后的 I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 仍為一個復合句。
I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我試著算這些賬，但盡管我懂點數學，仍感到很困難。
此句將 but 與 although 用在一起，但此句也沒有錯誤。該句從總體來看，它是一個以并列連詞 but 連接的并列句，而在該并列句的后面一句又是一個包含讓步狀語從句 although I knew some maths 的復合句--這種句型就是所謂的并列復合句。此句也可改寫為 I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.
5. When the last prize had been awarded _____ everybody cleared off.
【陷阱】容易想當然地誤選A.
【分析】句首 when 引導的是一個時間狀語從句，它暗示整個句子為復合句；而so, and, or 為并列連詞，無論選哪一個，都表明整個句子為并列句，從而導致前后矛盾，所以A、B、C均不能選擇。此題正確答案選D，everybody cleared off 為整個復合句的主句。請看類似例子：
（1） If wishes were horses, _____ beggars would ride.
（2） If I’m mistaken, _____ you are mistaken too.
（3） Just before I left London, _____ I sent him a telegram.
（4） After they had each said a few words, _____ Lloyd George took the floor.
答案均選D，空格前分別為 if, when, before, after 引導的狀語從句，空格后為整個復合句的主句。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. “Shall we stop for lunch _____ shall we drive on？” “Let’s stop for lunch, but the driver can’t drink _____ drive.”
2. “_____ when does the pub stay open？” “About midnight.”
3. “Would you like tea _____ coffee？” “_____, thanks.”
4. He imagines that people don’t like him, _____ they do.
5. I firmly believe _____ he said at the meeting was right.
6. Will you deliver, _____ do I have to come to the shop to collect the goods？
7. It shocked me to see ______ my neighbors treated their children.
8. _____ the government agrees to give extra money , the theatre will have to close.
9. We were just about ready to leave _____ it started to snow.
10. -I don’t like chicken _______ fish.
-I don’t like chicken, _______ I like fish very much.
11. -Would you like to come to dinner tonight？
-I’d like to, ___ I’m too busy.
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選D，第一空填 or，表選擇；第二空填 and，can’t drink and drive 指不能同時既喝酒又開車，即不能酒后開車。
2. 選C，句意為“這家酒店開門到什么？（或這家酒店什么時候關門？）”
3. 選C，選項A用No來回答選擇疑問句，不妥；選項B用 and 連接 tea 與 coffee，說明問句并非提供選擇，而答語卻用了 either 這樣表選擇性的詞語，也不妥；選項D與語境不符。高
4. 選D，前后意思轉折，故選 but.注：but they do = but they like him.
5. 選C，that 為引導賓語從句的連詞，在 that what he said at the meeting was right 這一賓語從句中，又包含有what he said at the meeting 這一主語從句，而在該主語從句中，what用作動詞 said 的賓語。
6. 選B，or 表選擇。
7. 選C.how 修飾謂語動詞 treated.
8. 選B，從句意推知。
9. 選A，when 在此用作并列連詞，意為“這時（突然）”。
10. 選C.第一空填 or，在否定詞后用or，表示否定兩者；第二空填but，表示轉折。
11. 選D.but表轉折，符合語意。而表并列的and, 結果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
? 被動語態教案 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.
【陷阱】很容易誤選B，認為兩空均考查形式主語。
【分析】最佳答案是D，第一空填形式主語，真正的主語是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主語從句，注意 what is difficult 后的謂語動詞 is。請做以下類似試題：
(1) I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
(2) Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.
2. I dislike _______ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案是C，因為在通常情況下，like 是及物動詞，其后應有賓語(句中 it 即為其賓語)。句中的 when 從句不是賓語從句，而是時間狀語從句，其中的 when 的意思是“當……的時候”。其實，也有的詞典將 I don’t like it when (if) … 作為一個句型來處理。能這樣用的動詞不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的動詞。
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜歡你遲到。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他討厭別人用他的自行車。
請做以下類似試題(答案均選 it)：
(1) I hate _______ if people say such things in public.
(2) I’d prefer _______ if I didn’t have to get up early on Sundays.
(3) I would appreciate _______ very much if you could give me some suggestions.
3. I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who _______ was.
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。
【分析】最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明確的人，則不宜用it。比較：
(1) Mr Smith is at the door. _______ wants to see you.
(2) Someone is at the door. ________ must be Mr Smith.
第(1)題選A，因為來者身份明確；第(2)選B，因為來者身份不明確。
4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.” “I know ________ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.”
【陷阱】容易誤選B。
【分析】最佳答案是A。it 和 one 的區別可簡單地概括為：it = the + 名詞，one = a + 名詞。如：
I haven’t got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我沒有鋼筆，我想借一支。(one = a pen)
I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有兩本支鋼筆，我可以借一支。(one = a pen)
I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本鋼筆，我可以把它借給你。(it = the pen)
在上面一題中，one 相當于 one 相當于 a repair shop。請做下面一題（答案選A）：
There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy _______.
5. Will you see to _______ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案是A。it 為形式賓語，真正的賓語是空格后that引導的賓語從句。see to 意為“負責”、“注意”，其中的 to 為介詞，不宜直接跟that引導的賓語從句，遇此情況可借助代詞 it。請做下面兩題，答案也是選 it：
(1) I’ll see to _______ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.
(2) Will you see to _______ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?
類似以上 see to 用法的短語還有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面兩題答案也選 it：
(1) You may depend on _______ that he will turn up in time.
(2) I can’t answer for ________ that the boy is honest.
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. Why shouldn’t I buy a new coat - I haven’t bought _____ for five years.
2. He made _____ known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics.
3. It used to be thought _____ the Earth was flat.
4. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
5. _______ is well known _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, .
A. It, that B. As, /
6. - I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum.
- I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it.
7. Does ________ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
8. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
9. They live on a busy main road. ______ must be very noisy.
10. Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
11. “Look at that lady on the stage. She’s already forty.” “You are joking. She doesn’t look ________.”
13. _______ was known to them all that William had broken his promise ______ he would give each of them a gift.
14. In the west, people make _______ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選C。one 指 a coat。比較：it = the +名詞，one = a+名詞，換句話說，it 是特指的，而one 則是泛指的。
2. 選B。it 為形式賓語，真正的賓語是 that he didn’t want to enter politics。
3. 選D。it 為形式主語，此句為 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被動語態形式。
4. 選B。it 指前面提到的 new house。注意不能選D，因為其前有并列連詞but。
5. 選A。it 為形式主語，其后的that從句為主語從句。比較下面一題，答案選B：
_______ is well known, _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.
A. It, that B. As, /
6. 選B。it 為形式賓語，真正的賓語是 whether you should do it.
7. 選 D。it doesn’t matter if…, does it matter if… 等為英語常用表達。
8. 選 D。it’s no wonder that… 意為“難怪……”、“……不足為怪”，為英語固定表達，其中的 it’s 也可省略，即只說 No wonder that…。如：
No wonder (that) he didn’t want to go. 難怪他不想去。
9. 選B。it 指環境。
10. 選 D。it 為形式賓語，真正的賓語是 that you are too busy to do it.
12. 選 B。it 指 her age。look one’s age 為習語，意為“容貌與年齡相稱”。
13. 選C。第一空填 it，為形式主語；第二空填that，用以引導一個同位語從句，修飾 promise。
14. 選 C。it 為形式賓語，真正的賓語是其后的不定式 to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends。
? 被動語態教案 ?
看，孩子們現在正由老師照看著。 Look，the children are being taken care of by teachers.
報告正由一名學生寫著 。This report is being written by a student.
這個地區的河流和湖泊正在受這家工廠的污染。 The rivers and lakes in this area are being polluted by this factory.
我們正在被展示如何操作這臺機器。 We are being showed how to operate this machine.
最近正在進行許多有趣的實驗。 Many interesting test are being carried on.
人們正在為保護野生動物籌款。 The funds are being raised to protect wild animal.
由于正在維修屋頂，外面動靜很大。 Roof was being repaired, so making a big noisy outside.
你不允許進入會議室，因為里面正在進行一項秘密計劃。You aren't allowed to enter into meeting room because a secret plan is being made.
概念：
現在進行時被動語態表示說話時或現階段某個被動的動作正在進行,
1.謂語動詞的形―am/is/are+being+done‖。
2.否定式為―am/is/are+not+being+done‖
? 被動語態教案 ?
被動語態的構成
被動語態由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be有人稱、時態和數的變化。
被動語態的用法有哪些
一、被動語態的構成形式
1.被動語態的基本時態變化
被動語態通常為十種時態的被動形式，被動語態由be過去分詞構成，be隨時態的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態的被動語態形式為：
1）am/is/are done （過去分詞） 一般現在時。
2）has /have been done 現在完成時。
3）am/is /are being done 現在進行時。
4）was/were done 一般過去時。
5）had been done 過去完成時。
6）was/were being done 過去進行時。
7）shall/will be done 一般將來時。
8）should/would be done 過去將來時。
9）shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）。
2.被動語態的特殊結構形式
1）帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態動詞be過去分詞。
2）有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語。
3）當“動詞 賓語 賓語補足語”結構變為被動語態時，將賓語變為被動結構中的主語，其余不動。
4）在使役動詞have，make，get以及感官動詞see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變為被動結構時，要加to。
5）有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
3.非謂語動詞的被動語態
v. ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態（一般時態和完成時態）。
二、如何使用被動語態
學習被動語態時，不僅要知道被動語態的各種語法結構，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態。
1.講話者不知道動作的執行者或不必說出動作的執行者（這時可省by短語）。
2.借助被動的動作突出動作的執行者。
3.為了更好地安排句子。
三、It is said that 從句及其他類似句型
一些表示“據說”或“相信”的動詞如believe，consider，expect，report，say，suppose，think等可以用于句型“It be 過去分詞 that從句”或“主語 be 過去分詞 to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 據說，It is reported that…據報道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…眾所周知，It is thought that…大家認為，It is suggested that…據建議。
四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義
1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物。
2.表示“發生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen，last，take place，break out，come out，come about，come true，run out，give out，turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。
3.系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。
五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義
在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。
1.在need，want，require，bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。
2.形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。
3.動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構成主謂關系，不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。
4.在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結構中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
5.在too… to…結構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。
6.在there be…句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。
7.在be to do結構中的一些不定式通常應用主動表主動，被動表被動。然而，由于古英語的影響，下列動詞rent，blame，let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。
? 被動語態教案 ?
(1)被動句的主語仍譯為主動句的主語。
The car was severely damaged beyond any means of repair while the driver was safe and sound.
譯文：汽車損壞嚴重，已無法修理，而駕車者卻安然無恙。
The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.
譯文：此項發現得到科學界的高度評價。(或：科學界對此項發現給予高度評價。)
(2)將被動句譯成主動句，有時外加泛指人稱代詞"人們"，"有人"，"大家"，"我們"做主語。
Rubber is found to be a good isolating material.
譯文：人們發現，橡膠是一種良好的絕緣材料。
The area has been marked out for building more hotels.
譯文：人們劃出這塊地區用于建造更多的旅店。
(3)把by 后動作的執行者做主語，英文原句中的主語做賓語。
The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.
譯文：蒸汽機發明的結果是機械力代替了人力。
What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?
譯文：政府已經采取或正在采取哪些措施去降低空氣的`污染程度呢?
(4)譯成漢語中的無主句。
若根據上下文或特定情景，對行為主體一目了然，或者出于禮貌和婉轉起見，可以采用這種譯法。
The amount of carbon monoxide that an engine gives off can be reduced by special devices designed to make the engine burn the fuel more efficiently.
譯文：使發動機更有效地燃燒燃料而設計的特殊裝置可以降低發動機一氧化碳的排放量。
Additional International Standards may be added to the series in the future.
譯文：將來還可能對本系列標準增加若干項國際標準。
(5)改譯成漢語的判斷句，即帶表語的主動句。
常見的被動式句型譯法：
It cannot be denied that...不可否認
It has been illustrated that...據說明;據圖示;圖中表示
It has been proved that...已經證明
It is(usually) considered that...據(通常)估計;人們(通常)認為
It is assumed that...假定
It is believed that...大家相信
It is alleged that...據稱
It is demonstrated that...已經證明，文中(圖中)表明
It is estimated that...據估計
It is expected that...人們希望
It is found that...據發現;人們認為
It is generally agreed/recognized that...人們通常認為/承認
It is hoped/still to be hoped that...(我們)希望/仍希望
It is mentioned that...據說
It is noticed /noted that...人們注意到/前面已經指出
It is proposed that...有人提議(指出)
It is recommended that...有人推薦
It is regarded that...人們認為
It is reported that...據報道
It is said that...據說
It is stressed that...人們強調說
It is supposed that...據推測;假定
It is thought that...有人認為
It is universally accepted that...普遍認為
It is well known that...眾所周知
It must be admitted that...必須承認
It should be pointed out that...必須指出
It will be seen from it that...由此可見
如"是由…"、"是因…"、"是在…"等等。被動語態是表示一種狀態時可以譯成漢語的判斷句型。
My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.
譯文：我的前四十年在南歐度過。
These machines are operated by a worker only.
譯文：這些機器只由一名工人操縱。
(6)譯成正常的被動句，以突出被動意義。
這不僅包括被字句，還包括漢語特有的表示被動的手段，如"受、被、叫、挨、讓、給、遭、由、為、為…所…、把、加以、使"等等都可以表示被動意義。
In industry, natural materials difficult to get are often replaced by plastics.
譯文：在工業中，不易獲得的天然材料常常被塑料代替。
Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
譯文：工具和技術本身作為根本性創新的源泉，多年來在很大程度上被歷史學家和科學的思想家忽視了。
Problems should be resolved in good time.
譯文：問題應該及時加以解決。
The Apollo Ⅻ crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.
譯文：阿波羅十二號的宇航員曾報告說，它們的宇宙飛船正遭到兩個不明飛行物的跟蹤。(用"遭到")
For separating iron from the impurities the iron ore must be melted.
譯文：為了使鐵跟雜質分離，鐵礦石必須經過冶煉。
? 被動語態教案 ?
有關職業的后綴
-aar : kunsten-aar, leer-aar,verzamel-aar, ontwikkel-aar,verzeker-aar
-eur: conduct-eur, aut-eur, direct-eur,chauff-eur,profit-eur
形容詞變名詞的后綴
-heid: boos - boosheid, werkloos - werkloosheid, eenzaam - eenzaamheid
bezig - bezigheid
例如: Ik ben boos, ik moet mijn boosheid verwerken.
這個變法可以自己靈活運用， 來增加說話時的變化，比如說失業率很高，可以說Veel mensen zijn nu werkloos. 也可以說De werkloosheid is hoog. 后一種說法更加文雅和書面， 而如果是比較正式的文件， 有時卻又會這么說De arbeidsparticipatie is laag.
形容詞后綴：
lijk=ful isch=ic ig=y loos=less waardig=ful baar=able achtig帶……情緒的 zuchtig=ous zaam=able,ful vol=ful ruchtig=y iek=ic wekkend=ive tief=tive dubbel幾倍的 eel=al abiliteit=ability tuur=ture
名詞后綴：
waardig heid=ness te kunde kundig專業 aar.eur=er ling enis schap tie=tion atie=ation ie=ion pijn病的 neming
前綴
be- 開頭的動詞很多是帶有動作性的，舉例如下：
be-teuren 感到-悲傷
be-vestigen (進行)肯定
be-zetten (實行)占領
be-sturen(進行)指揮
? 被動語態教案 ?
動詞的時態和語態一直是每年高考測試的重點內容之一,也是同學們學習中的難點。本文結合高考試題,對動詞的時態和語態的熱點問題進行分析,以幫助大家攻克這一難關。
一般現在時用來說明客觀事實及強調動作的永恒性或反復性;而現在進行時表示此刻或現階段正在進行的動作,含有暫時性和未完成性。常與一般現在時連用的時間狀語有often, always, usually, never, seldom等;常與現在進行時連用的時間狀語有now, right now, at present, at this moment等。有些時候,題干中并不直接出現時間狀語,而是提供一定的語境,考查考生對語境的理解和對時態的把握能力。
① -What's that terrible noise?
-The neighbors ________ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing
② -You're drinking too much.
-Only at home. No one ______ me but you.
A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw
一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態,往往側重動作已完成;而過去進行時則表示過去某個時間正在進行的動作,強調動作的持續過程,該動作往往未完成。
① -I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
-Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ________?
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
② - Has Sam finished his homework today?
-I have no idea. He ________ it this morning.
一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態,可與表示確切過去時間的狀語連用;而現在完成時表示過去某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果,不能與確切的表示過去的時間狀語連用。
① The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ________ increased enormously ever since.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
② She ________her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
一般過去時表示過去時間發生的動作或存在的狀態,而過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已完成的動作或狀態,即”過去的過去"。當強調過去某一動作發生在另一動作之前時,常用過去完成時。
① My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I ________ half of it.
② -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
-No, I ________ . Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn't been invited D. didn't invite
完成時表示動作已完成,著重結果;完成進行時表示過去的動作一直延續到現在或過去某一時刻,該動作還在持續。
The crazy fans ________patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
1. 表示說話人始料未及的事情,要用一般過去時。
-Oh, it's you! I ________ you.
-I've just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses.
2. 某些表示瞬間動作的動詞如come, go, start, leave, return, take, arrive等與進行時連用時, 表示按計劃、安排將要發生的動作。
-What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?
- I had just finished my work and ________to take a shower.
? 被動語態教案 ?
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. --- Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.
--- You ______ something.
A. have left B. are always leaving
2. --- I ______ so busily recently that I ______ no time to help you with your math.
--- That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.
3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me.
4. He ______ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.
A. will speak B. is going to speak
C. had to speak D. was going to speak
5. --- I beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch you.
--- Oh, I ______ myself.
A. am talking to B. talked about
C. have talked to D. was talking to
6. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year.
7. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ______ in a radio factory at that time.
C. was working D. has been working
8. --- What ______ when I phoned you?
--- I ______ my work, and I wanted to go out.
B. were you doing; have finished
C. did you do; had just finished
D. were you doing; had just finished
9. --- Have you finished the report?
--- No. I ______ it all this week.
?????
? 被動語態教案 ?
把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：
1. 將主動語態的賓語作被動語態的主語;
2. 謂語動詞變為“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態;
3主動語態的主語變為介詞by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之后。(有時by的短語可以省略);
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
? 被動語態教案 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. When he realized the police had seen him， the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.
【陷阱】容易誤選A.
【分析】正確答案應選B.make for 意為“移向，走向”。最具干擾性的選項是A，因為make off 的意思是“匆匆逃走”。之所以不能選A，是因為 make off 不及物，其后不能接賓語；而 make for 是及物的，其后可以接賓語。另外兩個選項的意思是：make out 指“勉強了解，開出（支票等），成功”；make up 指“彌補，虛構，整理，編輯，化妝”。
2. Now and then they would ______ our house and have a talk with us.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均容易誤選。
【分析】答案應選B.drop in 意為“順便走訪，不預先通知的拜訪”，為不及物動詞，其后不接賓語，若要接賓語，遵循以下原則：表示拜訪某人，后接介詞on；表示拜訪某地，后接介詞at.call 表示“拜訪”時也遵循以上原則，即 call at 后接地點，call on 后接人。
3. “Why didn’t you write？” “My ink has _______.”
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均容易誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為D.give out 有很多意思，如表示“分發，發出（氣味、熱等），發表，用盡，精疲力竭”等，此題取其“用盡”之義。選項A和B很具干擾性，它們均可表示“用完，用盡”，但是它們是及物的，其后應接賓語。假若將選項A改為been used up 也可以選。
4. I think your health will soon ______ if you have a holiday on the seaside.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均容易誤選。
【分析】答案選B.pick up 的意思很多，其中一個用法是表示“恢復，改進，改善”。如：
The weather may pick up. 天氣會好轉的。
Business is picking up again. 生意又有所好轉。
除此之處還可表示“拿起，撿起；收拾，整理；學會，獲得；（用車）來接，去?。恢匦麻_始，繼續；感染（疾病、壞習慣等）”等。
其他幾個選項的意思分別為：give up 意為“放棄”；take up 意為“開始（學習或從事等），繼續，占去，接納，提出”；get up 意為“起床”。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.
2. All the girls swam in the lake except two， who _____ halfway.
3. If the new arrangement doesn’t _____， we’ll go back to the old one.
4. “Have great changes taken place in your village？” “Yes， A new school was ______ in the village last year.”
5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.
6. Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
7. My study of biology has ___C___ much of my spare time， but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
8. The plan ___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate（合作）。
9. The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.
10. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.
11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying， but I can’t stand very loud noise.
C. have effect on D. keep away from
12. The mother often tells her son to be a good boy， warning him to ______ trouble.
C. break away from D. get rid of
13. To my surprise， the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.
14. Steven has a lot of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.
15. Although Jane agrees with me on most points， there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.
16. You should ______ what your parents expect of you.
17. I can hardly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _______. There are so many wrong spellings in it.
18. “Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend？” “Good idea！ I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”
19. How I wish that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
20. Some kinds of animals can _______ the colour of their surroundings.
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選A.turn out 意為“結果是，原來是”等；turn up 意為“找到， 發現，出現，開大音量”等；set out 意為“開始，出發，陳述”等；set up 意為“設立，豎立，架起，升起，創（紀錄），提出”等。
2. 選B.give up 意為“放棄”；give out 意為“分發，發出（氣味、熱等），發表，用盡，精疲力竭”；give away意為“送掉，分發，放棄，泄露，出賣”；give off 意為“發出（蒸汽、光等），長出（枝、杈等）”。
3. 選 out 在此表示“有預期結果”；work over 意為“調查，重做”；work up 意為“逐步建立，逐步發展”；work in 意為“配合，引進”。
4. 選B.set up 意為“建立”；hold up 意為“舉起，支撐，繼續下去，阻擋，攔截”；send up 意為“發出，射出，長出，使上升”；bring up 意為“教育，培養，提出”。
5. 選C.give up 指“放棄”，put up 指“舉起，架起，修建，張貼”等，hang up 指“掛斷（電話）”，ring up 指“給某人打電話”。
6. 選B.die away 指“（聲音、風、光線等）漸息，漸弱”；die down 指“（慢慢）熄滅，平靜下來”；die off 指“一個一個地死去”；die out 指“（家族、種族、習俗、觀念等）滅絕，絕跡”。
7. 選C.take up 意為“開始（學習或從事等），繼續，占去，接納，提出”；take off意為“脫下，起飛，打折，請假”；take away 意為“取走”；take down 意為“寫下，拆下”。
8. 選A.break down意為“中止，毀掉，壓倒，停頓，倒塌”；pull down 意為“摧毀，推翻，使降低，使身體變差”；turn down 意為“拒絕，關小音量，減弱，降低”；put down 意為“放下，拒絕，鎮壓，削減，記下”。
9. 選B.call for 意為“要求，提倡”；ask for 意為“請求，索要”；look for 意為“尋找”；pay for 意為“為……付錢”。
10. 選A.let out 意為“放掉，泄露，放大，出租”；give away 意為“送掉，分發，放棄，泄露， 出賣，讓步”；bring in 意為“生產， 掙得，介紹引進”；make up 意為“彌補，虛構，縫制，整理，和解，編輯，化妝”。
11. 選A.put up with 意為“忍受，容忍”；get rid of 意為“擺脫，消除，去掉”；have effect on 意為“對……有影響”；keep away from意為“遠離，不接近”。
12. 選B.hold back from 意為“向……隱瞞”；keep out of 意為“使在……之外”；break away from 意為“脫離”；get rid of 意為“擺脫，消除，去掉”。
13. 選D.keep back 意為“扣下，留下，阻擋，隱瞞”；hold up意為“舉起，支撐”；bring down 意為“打倒，擊落，打死，降低”；cut off 意為“切斷，斷絕”。
14. 選B.make up 意為“彌補，虛構，整理，編輯，化妝”；take up 意為“拿起，開始從事，繼續，吸收”；work out 意為“計算出，設計出，有預期結果”；carry out 意為“完成，實現，貫徹，執行”。
15. 選B.give in 意為“讓步，屈服，上交”；give away 意為“分發，贈送，背棄，出賣，泄漏”； give off 意為“發出（光、熱、聲音、氣味等）”；give out 意為“分發，散發，用完，耗盡，垮掉，失靈，出故障，發表，公布，發出（熱、聲音、信號等）”。
16. 選 up to 意為“實踐，做到”；stand up to 意為“勇敢地抵抗”；look up to 意為“尊敬，仰望”；run up to 意為“達到，積累到”。
17. 選D.turn in 意為“上交，歸還”；turn into 意為“進入，（使）變成”；turn to 意為“轉向，變成，求助于，致力于”；turn off 意為“關掉，避開”。
18. 選C.see about 意為“查詢，留意于”；look after和take careof均表示為“照顧，關心”；get down to 意為“開始認真考慮”。
19. 選A.set out 意為“陳述，陳列，出發，開始”；set off 意為“出發，動身”；set over 意為“移交，置于……上，指派……管理”；set up意為“設立，豎立，架起，升起，創（紀錄），提出”。
20. 選A.take on 意為“披上，呈現，具有，雇用，接納，流行”；dress up 意為“打扮，裝飾，偽裝”；put on 意為“穿上，把……放在上，裝出，增加”；get into意為“進入，陷入，穿上”。
? 被動語態教案 ?
一般地講，被動語態可用于英語的各種時態。為了能準確地運用被動語態，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態變化。各種時態的被動語態舉例如下：
1、 一般現在時的被動語態. am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2、一般過去式的被動語態: was / were + 動詞的過去分詞
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
3、現在進行時的被動語態: am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、過去進行時的被動語態: was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般將來時的被動語態:
(A) will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞
(B) am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、過去將來時的被動語態: (1).would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (2).was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、現在完成時的被動語態:have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
8、過去完成時的被動語態:had + been + 動詞的過去分詞
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情態動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + done
例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.
? 被動語態教案 ?
當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時，常用被動語態，這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
突出或強調動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執行者，用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是“時間”)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的.。(強調的是“”這些書)
為了使語言得體或圓滑等不愿意說出動作的執行者。如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
出于修辭的原因，或是說為了更好地安排句子。如：
It is generally considered impolite to ask one’s age, salary, marriage, etc. . 問別人的年齡、工資、婚姻狀況等通常被認為是不禮貌的。
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了，若用它作主語，主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子松散。)
? 被動語態教案 ?
篇1：被動語態的重點、難點用法<\/h2>
作者：楊春吉
被動語態是中考中的考點之一。除了考查其重要用法外，還常與時態綜合起來或在情景對話中進行考查。因此復習時要注意三點：1. 弄清句子的主語和謂語之間的主、被動關系；2. 掌握好各種時態的被動語態形式；3. 通曉被動語態的特殊用法及重要用法。
一、含有雙賓語的被動語態。一般把間接賓語變為被動句的主語，若將直接賓語變為主語，則在間接賓語前加上介詞for 或to。常用to 的動詞有：give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand 等。常用for 的動詞有：borrow, make, buy 等。如：
The flower was passed to me at last. 最后把花遞給了我。
A new bike was bought for me as a birthday present. 有人給我買了一輛新自行車，作為生日禮物送給了我。
二、含有賓語補足語的主動句變為被動句時，通常把賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語就變成了主語補足語?？纯聪旅嫒惽樾危?/p>
1. 賓補是不定式。在主動句中，感官動詞和使役動詞后跟不定式作賓補時要省略to, 但改為被動句時不能省略to 。如：
He was seen to come out of the room. 有人看見他走出了房間。
2. 賓補為分詞。分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞兩種。如：
He was heard singing at that time. 有人聽見他那時在唱歌。
His window was seen broken to pieces. 有人看見他的窗戶被打破了。
3. 賓補為形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語等。如：
The man was found still in the room after three days. 三天后人們發現那個男人一直在屋里。
三、主動句中謂語動詞是含有介詞或副詞的短語動詞，變為被動句時，介詞或副詞不可省略。如：
The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten. 這些孩子在幼兒園里被照顧得很好。
Your pronunciation must be paid great attention to. 你要著重注意一下你的發音。
四、主動形式表示被動含義。在初中階段主要考查兩種情形：
1. 部分不及物動詞，如：sell, wash, wear, open, shut, lock, write等可以用主動形式表示被動含義。如：
The door won't open. 門沒開。
2. 在有些句子中，盡管沒有不定式的邏輯主語， 但是從句意角度可以體會出句中隱含著“for sb. to do ”結構，此時，要用不定式的主動形式，表示被動含義。如：
There is nothing to worry about. （我們）沒有什么可擔心的。
篇2：英語語法：被動語態用法<\/h2>
英語語法：被動語態用法大全
概念
語態是動詞的一種形式，用以表示主語和謂語之間的關系。
英語的語態包括兩種形式：
主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。
被動語態是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般來說，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。巧記為：主動、主動、主去動。
Many people speak English.謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。
巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。English is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。He opened the door.他開了門。The door was opened.門被開了。
構成
His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in .通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動語態”的構成是：be + 過去分詞
形式
被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成，強調動作是由什么人或什么東西而發出時，常用介詞“by +行為發出者”，即be+done+by+行為發出者。
被動語態可用于各種時態，通過助動詞be的變化來表示：
1、一般現在時的被動語態. am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.
2、一般過去式的被動語態: was / were + 動詞的過去分詞His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.
3、現在進行時的被動語態: am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、過去進行時的被動語態: was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般將來時的被動語態: will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞 am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、過去將來時的被動語態:would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、現在完成時的被動語態:have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.
8、過去完成時的被動語態:had + been + 動詞的過去分詞He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情態動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + doneYou must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him.
| 初中英語八大時態 | ||
| 一般現在時 | 一般過去時 | 一般將來時 |
| 現在進行時 | ?過去進行時 | 過去將來時 |
| ?現在完成時 | 過去進行時 | ? |
運用
第一種情況：不知道動作的執行者，就是不知道誰干的Dan's bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行車上周被偷了。My windows were broken yesterday. 我的窗戶昨天被打爛了。
第二種情況：沒有必要交代動作的執行者，就是說：不用說出來大家也知道誰干的Rice is also grown in North China. 華北地區也種水稻。A new railway station will be built next year. 明年要建一座新的火車站。
第三種：為了強調動作的承受者，這里我們比較一下主動和被動：Prisoners of War built the bridge. 戰俘修建了這座橋。此句的主句是 Prisoners of War，是來回答 Who built the bridge? 這個問句，所以此句強調的是動作的執行者---戰俘，交代戰俘做了什么事。變被動之后：The bridge was built by Prisoners of War.這座橋是被戰俘修建的。這樣說的話，主語變成了“the bridge”---這座橋，此句是回答 What was built? 所以此句是強調“什么被建造”即強調動作的承受者。又如：The book was written by Shi Naian. 這本書是施耐庵寫的。以上是被動語態使用的三種情況或者說時機，第三種雖然強調動作的承受者，但一般也要交代動作的執行者，用 by + 執行者 來表達。
主動語態變成被動語態
1、從句子意義上說，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。
主動語態：人們說英語。People speak English in many countries.被動語態：英語被說。English is spoken in many countries..主動語態：我們造這座橋。We built this bridge last year.被動語態：這座橋被建造。This bridge was built last year.2、從語法的角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語。主動語態：小王邀請你Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.被動語態：你被邀請。You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.主動語態：你不準帶走雜志You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被動語態：雜志不準被帶走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.主動語態：他們授給他一枚獎章.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被動語態：他被授予一枚獎章.He was given a medal for his wonderful work.被動語態：一枚獎章被授給了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.語態轉換時所注意的問題
2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變為主語，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語改為主語，則在間接賓語前加適當的介詞，如上句還可以說：A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：1.一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The book was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her.
2.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 A new skirt was made for me. The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us.
3. 由動詞+ 介詞或副詞構成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：不及物動詞+ 介詞，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.及物動詞+ 副詞：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather4. 帶復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，一般把主動結構中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。
We always keep the classroom clean.→The classroom is always kept clean.
She told us to follow her instructions.→We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補足語，也就是說不定式作主語補足語不存在省略to 的問題。We often hear him play the guitar.→He is often heard to play the guitar.
5. 當主動句的主語是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變為anybody,作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變為否定的被動語態。Nobody can answer this question.誤：The question can be answered by nobody.正：The question can not be answered by anybody.
6. 當否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應將其分別變為nothing, nobody, no one作主語，并將謂語動詞變為肯定的被動語態。They haven't done anything to make the river clean.誤：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
7. 以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom放在句首：Who wrote the story?誤：Who was the story written?正：By whom was the story written?
9. 下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等?！?Do you like the material?— Yes, it feels very soft.誤：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.誤：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，謂語是及物動詞leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。He entered the room and got his book.誤：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.誤：Her hand was had burned.第三，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。The fire broke out in the capital building.誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.誤：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses remained.誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變為被動句子的主語，如：I taught myself English.誤：Myself was taught English.We love each other.誤：Each other is loved.
初中教材中與被動語態相關的句型
1.be covered with被……覆蓋
2.be made of由……制作be made from由……制作be made in由制造be made by被制造3.be used for被用來……be used as被當作……來使用be used to do sth.被用來做某事4.It is said that...據說……It is hoped that...希望……It is well known that...眾所周知……例如：
幾種特殊的被動語態
1.帶不定式的被動語態。The child is sure to be punished for that. 那個孩子肯定會因為那件事受罰的。2. 帶介詞的動詞短語的被動語態。Such a thing has never been heard of. 這件事前所未聞。3. 帶副詞的動詞短語的被動語態。The radio has just been turned off. 收音機剛剛被關上。4. 當sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等動詞若有狀語well, easily, badly來修飾時，用主動形式表達被動意義。The pen writes well. 這枝鋼筆寫字流暢。The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。
1.由少數及物動詞轉化來的不及物動詞，當句子的主語為物時，可用主動形式表被動意義。The car drives well.The cloth washes easily.2.在be worth doing, need doing中，主語是物，doing表示被動意義。The book is worth reading.The tree needs watering.3.形容詞 cheap, dangerous, important, comfortable, interesting等接不定式做狀語時，不定式的主動形式表被動意義。The old lady is easy to get along with.The question is difficult to answer.4.感官動詞look, sound, taste, smell, feel等，主動語態表被動意義。You look unhappy.The cake tastes delicious.
口訣
一般現在時、一般過去時用be +及物動詞的.過去分詞，be有人稱、時、數變。
完成時態havedone，被動將been加中間。一般將來shalldo，被動變do為be done。將來進行無被動，shallbe doing?，F在完成時，被動 havebeen done?，F、過進行be doing，被動be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。否定助后加not，疑問一助置主前。主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。復合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應變。
篇3：被動語態的用法<\/h2>
被動語態的構成
英語被動語態一般由助動詞be +動詞的過去分詞構成，其中被動語態的'時態、人稱和數的變化體現在be動詞上，這就是學習被動語態的難點以及考試的重點。例如一般現在時的被動語態基本結構為：主語+am / is / are（not）+動詞的過去分詞+其他；現在進行時的被動語態基本結構是：主語+is、am、are+ being+動詞的過去分詞+其他”。
篇4：Unit13重點、難點<\/h2>
羅玉南
1.本單元第49課對話中多次出現了“No，it's not him．”這個句子。
【問】這個句子中的him為什么不用he呢？
【答】人稱代詞作表語，在非正式英語中（特別是日常會話中）人們已習慣于用其賓格（如me，him等），這種用法很常見。如：-Who is knocking at the door？誰在敲門？-It's me．是我。-Who said that？是誰說的？-I think it was him．我想是他說的。
2．Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist．愛因斯坦就是這樣的人，一個純樸的人，一位20世紀最偉大的科學家。
【問】請解釋句中such的意思和用法。
【答】句中such是代詞，用以指代前文所說的情況，意為“這樣的人（事）”，它在該句中作表語，such作表語時通常提到句首，形成主謂倒裝結構，其謂語動詞的數應由such指代的情況而定。如：鶶uch is life．人生就是這樣。鶶uch were his words．這就是他講的話。
3．As a result，it appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved．因此，在地球上的科學家看來，恒星好像是移動了。
【問】appear作“好像，似乎”解時，有哪些用法呢？
【答】appear作“好像，似乎”解時，常指人從外表上所得到的印象。有時暗含實質上并非如此的意思，作此意解時，其后可跟不定式、形容詞或that從句，接從句時常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放到句子后面去。例如：鶫e appears to have many friends．他似乎有很多朋友。鶺hy does she appear so sad？她為何顯得如此悲傷？鶬t appears that he won't come tonight．看來他今晚不會來了。鶬t appears to me that they are right．我似乎覺得他們是正確的。
4．教材：That fits the puzzle！
考點：fit的用法。
考例：This straw hat ____ me．（MET'83）
A．doesn't fit for B．isn't fit鶦．doesn't fit D．fits to
透視：此題答案為C。fit表示“合適”，既可作形容詞，也可作動詞。如果作動詞，通常表示衣、帽、鞋等物的大些⒊嘰紜⑿巫吹確矯嫻摹昂鮮省薄H紓篢his jacket fits you well．你穿這茄克衫很合適。如作形容詞，通常用于be fit for ／to do結構中。如：He is fit for a doctor ／to be a doctor．他適合當醫生。
延伸：與suit的區別。suit也表示“適合”之意，但它常用來指衣著、款式、顏色等方面的“合適”或“中……之意”。如：鶷hat color doesn't suit her。那種顏色不適合她。
再看下題：-This jacket doesn't ____ me．Do you have a larger size？
-Yes，but the color is different．Does it _______ you？鶤．fit；suit B．suit；fit C．fit；fit D．suit；suit（答案：A）
5．教材：Besides his work in physics，he spent a lot of time．．．
考點：besides ／except ／except for ／except that的區別。
考例1：Does John know any other foreign language ____ French？（MET'89）
A．except B．but C．besides D．beside
透視：except表示“除了……之外”（不包括在內），相當于but，常與any，no one，nobody，everything，everyone，nowhere等表整體概念的詞連用，從這個整體范圍中除去不適應的一部分。如：Allexcept Li Ming have seen the film．而besides表示“除了……之外”（尚有）之意，暗示詞有other，more，else等。很明顯上題答案應為C。
考例2：The suit fitted him well ____ the color was a little bright．（上海）
A．except for B．except that鶦．except when D．besides透視：except for ＋名詞／except that ＋從句表示引述一個相反的細節或原因，因而部分地修正了句子的主要意思，常譯成“只不過”。上題答案為B。句意為：那套西服很合他的身，只不過顏色有點亮。
延伸：①except雖然相當于but，但exceptfor≠but for。but for意為“要不是”。如：鶥ut for me，he would have died yesterday．②except和but雖為介詞，后常接動名詞或名詞。但在下面的句型中接不定式：have no choice but ／except to do（不得不……）。如：Then it has no choice but to lie down．
8．13單元易混詞語巧辨
在第13單元出現了幾組同義詞（組）。對于這些貌合神離的同義詞（組），必須加以區分，否則會誤用?，F將本單元的重點同義詞（組）加以對比辨析，以期對同學們的學習有所幫助。
1）．puzzled，puzzling
puzzled指人或人的表情“迷惑不解的”；puzzling表示“令人迷惑的（事物）”。兩者均可作表語或定語。例如：
They're puzzled at my interest in such matters．他們對我在這樣問題上的興趣感到迷惑不解。
This is a puzzling answer．這是一個令人費解的答案。
2）．be used to do，be used to doing，used to do
be used to do sth．是動詞use的被動結構，后跟動詞不定式，不跟動名詞，意思是“被用來……”；be used to doing sth．是習語，意思是“習慣于做某事”，后接名詞或動名詞，不接動詞不定式；used to do sth．是習語，意思是“過去經常做某事”，后接動詞不定式。例如：
Wood can be used to make paper．木頭可以（被）用來造紙。
They are quite used to flying in all sorts of weather．他們對于在各種天氣飛行已經很習慣了。
He used to swim in the river．他過去經常在河里游泳。
3)．the other，other，another
other無范圍，泛指“其他的；另外的”，常與no，any，many或some等連用；the other特指兩方中的“另一方”，或兩部分中的“另一部分”，如果other前有名詞所有格或物主代詞，則不用the；another泛指“其他的，另外的”，常用于三者或三者以上的情況，后接單數名詞或“數詞＋復數名詞”。例如：
Mary is here，but the other girls are still out in the playground．瑪麗在這里，但是其他女孩還在運動暢
I have no other choice．我沒有選擇的余地。
I have many other things to do．我另外還有很多事情要做。
Give me another chance，please．請再給我一次機會。
4)．be content to do，be content with
be content to do指“滿足于（做某事）”，后接動詞不定式，不接名詞或動名詞；be content with指“（對……）感到滿足”，后接名詞、代詞或從句。例如：
He is content to eat simple food．他樂于吃一些簡單的食物。
She was quite content with her life．她對生活感到相當滿意。
He isn't content with his present achievement．他不滿足于目前的成就。
高二冊13單元易混詞語練一練
本期“單元過關”講解了本單元出現的幾組同義詞（組），你是否掌握了？可以在這里大顯身手。選擇最佳答案：1．The reason for his absence remains _________．
A．puzzle B．puzzles鶦．a puzzle D．puzzled
2．Greatly ____ ，she didn't know what to do next．
A．puzzling鶥．a puzzle鶦．puzzled鶧．puzzles
3．Lucy looked a little ____ ． A．puzzle鶥．puzzled鶦．puzzling鶧．puzzles
4．He thought what you said was ____ ． A．puzzle B．puzzled C．puzzling D．puzzles
5．I ____ to go to the cinema a lot．
A．am used B．used鶦．was used鶧．am using
6．I've bought several books today． ____are English books except three Chinese books．
A．The others鶥．Others鶦．Other鶧．Another
7．The hunter came in，with a bow in one hand，and an arrow in his ____ hand．
A．other鶥．another鶦．others D．the another8．Of the three foreign guests，one is from London，________ two are from New York．A．other鶥．the other C．some D．any
9．I don't like these shoes．Show me ____ ．
A．another B．other鶦．some others D．the other
10．He is perfectly content ____ in a hut and paint pictures all day．
A．to live鶥．living鶦．with鶧．for
1．compare notes 與……交換意見（或心得）；與……討論 如： They often compare notes with each other on their studies． 他們經常相互交換學習心得。
2．do a word puzzle猜字謎1) do的意思為“解決、找出答案”。如：do a math problem做一道數學題；do a sum算一筆數字2)這里的puzzle是名詞，意為“難題、復雜難懂的事”等。如：鶷his is really a puzzle to me．這對我來說著實是道難題。
3．be content to do; be content with 愿意／樂意做某事鷆ontent 在這里是形容詞，意思是“心甘情愿的、滿意的”。如：I should be well content to do so．我很愿意這樣做。鶷he teacher is content with the results of the monthly exam．老師對月考成績很滿意。
4．lead to 結果是； 導致（某種結果）；產生鷗o為介詞，后接名詞或-ing形式。如：An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever．普通感冒可以很快引起發燒。
This will lead to endless trouble.這將產生沒完沒了的麻煩。
5．live／ lead a ．．．life過著……的生活如：鶫e lived a dog’s life in the old days.在舊社會，他過著牛馬不如的生活。
類似的結構還有：smile a sweet smile dream a terrible dream; die a heroic death 等。
1．fight for ，fight against，fight with
fight for意思是“為……而戰”，for表示目的。如：They fought bravely for the liberation of the whole country．他們為了全國的解放而英勇戰斗。
fight against的意思是“為反對……而戰”或“與（敵人）進行斗爭”。如：We must fight against all kinds of pollution．我們必須與各種污染斗爭到底。
fight with有“與……相斗爭”的意思，與fight against可通用，但fight with也有“與……一起投入戰斗”的意思。如：鶷he Eighth Route Army fought against the Japanese invaders with the local people．
八路軍與當地群眾一起打擊日本侵略者。
2．lead to，cause
兩詞（組）都可表示由原因導致結果，在許多情況下可以替換使用。但cause更多地表示直接原因。lead to后可以跟名詞、代詞、動名詞，而cause后可以跟名詞、代詞，不可以跟動名詞。如：鶫is carelessness led to（caused）his failure．
他的粗心導致他的失敗。
His persuasion led to our trying it once more．
他的勸說使我們又嘗試了一次。
lead to也有“道路等通向（某處）”的意思，而cause沒有此意。如：I soon found a road leading to the footof am ountain．我不久發現了一條通向山腳的路。
3．leave．．．for．．．，leave．．．，leave for．．．
leave A for B意思是“離開A地去B地”，注意for不可用to來代替。如：I'm leaving Beijing for Shanghai soon．我不久就離開北京去上海。
leave A意思是“離開A地”。如：I'm leaving Beijing soon．我不久就離開北京。
leave for A意思是“去A地”，注意leave在此為不及物動詞。如：I'm leaving for Shanghai soon．我不久要去上海。
4．besides，except，but，except for它們都有“除……之外”的意思，但用法各有不同。besides的意思是“除……之外，還有……”，是肯定的，經常與more，else，other，another等詞連用。如：Many other students went to the film besides Lin Tao．除林濤外，還有許多學生去看了電影。
besides除用作介詞外，也可以用作副詞，意思是“另外”。如：
I have no time to go to his party．Besides，I don't want to．我沒有時間參加他的聚會，另外，我也不想去。
except的意思是“除……之外，沒有……”，是否定的，經常與all，everything等表示全部的名詞、形容詞、代詞等連用。如：鶤ll went to the cinema except Tom ．
除湯姆外，其他人都去了電影院。
except for著重指除某一點不足之外，其它尚可，往往含有惋惜之意。
The composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes．這篇作文寫得很好，只是有一些拼寫錯誤。
but只能用于no one，nobody，nothing，all，everyone，everything之后，與except同義，但except比but所含“除外”的意味更明確，語氣也較強。
從搭配上講，besides，except for后跟名詞或代詞，而except后除跟名詞或代詞外，也可以跟從句，but后可以跟不定式或動詞原形 當but前有實義動詞do時，其后常跟動詞原形，否則就跟動詞不定式）。如：
He comes here every day except when it rains heavily．除下大雨外，他每天都來這里。
He could do nothing but wait there silently．除靜靜地等待，他別無選擇。
I wanted nothing but to give you a warning．我只是想給你提個醒。
5．work out，work on，work as，work for
work out的意思是“算出”、“解出”，等于get the results of，強調結果。如：
I can't work out the math problem s．我解不出這些數學題。鶦an you work out how much it will cost to build the bridge？你能把建橋的費用計算出來嗎？
work on的意思等于work at或do，意思是“忙于……”或“做……”，強調動作。如：
He is working on a novel recently．最近他正忙著寫一本小說。work as意思是“充當……”。如：
These people can work as nurses when necessary．
需要的時候，這些人可以充當護士。
work for意思是“為……而工作”，for表示目的。如:
W e're working for the lives of ourselves and our families．我們為自己和家庭的生活而工作。
6．stick to，insist on
兩者都有“堅持”的意思，stick to指“堅持意見、看法”等。含有“執意不改”的含義，to是介詞，后跟名詞或代詞。如：
No matter what you may say，I shall stick to my plan．
不管你說什么，我都會堅持計劃。
insist on有“堅持（要干某事）”或“強烈要求”的含義，后跟名詞或動名詞。如：
His daughter insisted on coming with him ．
他的女兒堅持要跟他一起來。
I'm afraid I have to insist on the return of my books at once．對不起，我得堅持要求你立刻歸還我的書。
Ex.
2．-I usually go there by train．-Why not ____ by boat for a change？
A．to try going鶥．trying to go C．to try and go D．try going（'92M ET）
3．Mother ____ us stories when we were young．
A．was used to tell B．is used to telling C．used to tell鶧．used to telling（'88M ET）
4．Egypt is famous ____鷌ts pyramids．
5．Readers can ____鷔uite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word．
A．get over B．get in C．get along鶧．get through（'93M ET）
6．Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one．
A．to do B．doing C．with鶧．to be doing（'89M ET）
7．Usually carelessness ____ to failure.A．leads鶥．happens C．gets鶧．agrees（'90上海）8．There's still ____ water in the bottle．You may drink it．
A．few鶥．a few C．little鶧．a little（'79M ET）
9．Does John know any other foreign language_________ French？
A．except鶥．but C．besides鶧．beside（'89MET）
10．If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay____ ＄15．
A．another B．other C．more鶧．each（'00NM ET）
篇5：Unit14 重點、難點<\/h2>
might
Unit14 重點、難點
1．feel like，would like，look like，like
feel like的意思是“想要”、“希望”，用于表達一種客氣的請求。其中like是介詞，因此后跟動名詞或名詞作賓語，不可以接不定式。如：
I don't feel like doing it today．What about tomorrow？我不想今天做此事，明天怎么樣？
I feel like a cup oftea．請給我一杯茶。
would like也是表達客氣的請求，意思與feel like相同，但would like中like是動詞，后面跟名詞或不定式作賓語。如：
What would you like to do today？你今天想干什么？
I'd like a word with you．我想跟你談一下。
would like也可跟“賓語＋不定式”的形式，這一點也有別于feel like。
I'd like you to go there today．我希望你今天能去一趟。
look like的意思是“看上去像”，like是介詞，后跟名詞或代詞。
The two brothers look like each other very much．這兄弟兩人長得很像。
It looks like a rope．它看上去像一根繩子。
like作動詞，意思是“喜歡”，后跟名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞作賓語；作介詞，意思是“像”、“如……一樣”，后跟名詞或代詞作賓語。如：
I like swimming very m uch．
Ordinary people，like you and me，can't afford to buy such an expensive house．像你我這樣的平常人是買不起這么貴的房子的。
2．maybe，perhaps，probably
這三個詞都有“或許”、“可能”的意思，但用法略有不同。m aybe和perhaps的意思基本相同。但
maybe多用于口語中，perhaps多用于書面文體。如：
Maybe（Perhaps）the weather will get better．可能天氣會變得好一些。
probably是“很可能”的意思，其可能性要大于perhaps和maybe。如：
He will probably succeed．他很可能會成功。
He will perhaps（maybe）succeed．他也許會成功。
另外，也要注意maybe與may be的區別：前者是副詞，在句中作狀語；后者是情態動詞加系動詞be，在句中作謂語。
3．carry out，carry on，carry up，carryoff
carry out的意思是“實行”，“進行”，“執行”，“完成”。如：
We intend to carry out our new policy．我們打算實行新政策。
We are carrying out some scientific experiments．我們正在進行一些科學實驗。
They decided to carry out the order at once．他們決定立即執行命令。
By the end of last month，our factory had carried out its production plan for this year．到上月底，我們廠已完成了今年的生產計劃。
carry on的意思是“繼續下去”，“堅持下去”，“進行下去”。如：
They carried on in spite of the difficult conditions．盡管條件很差，他們仍然堅持下去。
carry up意思是“送上”，“供養”。如：
This lake can carry up to 2，000 fish．這個湖可以養2，000條魚。
Now man-made satellites can be easily carried up into space．現在人造衛星可以很容易地被送到太空。
carry off意思是“誘拐”、“綁架”。如：
It is against the law to carry off women and children in our country．在我國拐賣婦女兒童是違法的。
4．send，send up，send for
send的意思是“郵寄”、“派遣”。如：
They all agreed to send Xiao Lin to the south．他們都同意派小林到南方去。
Let's send him a telegram ．我們給他發個電報吧。
send up的意思是“發出”、“射出”、“長出”。如：
They sent up a rocket last week．上個星期他們發射了一枚火箭。
Young shoots will send up from the oldones．新芽就會從舊的地方長出。
send for的意思是“派人去醛?、“派人去叫”紓
Have you sent for a doctor？你派人去請醫生了嗎？
I'll send for a taxi．我去派人叫輛出租車。
5．remain，stay
remain與stay作為動詞，都有“停留”的意思，有時可以通用。如：
remain和stay作為系動詞，表示“保持某一狀態”時，可以通用。
The door remained（stayed）open．門一直開著。
但有時remain著重指在別人已離去，或事情有變動以后，仍“繼續停留”或“保持原來的狀態”。stay則指“短時的停留”、“逗留”。如：
W hen the others had gone，here mained and put back the furniture．別人離去后，他留下來把家具放回原處。
I'm staying in Guangzhou just for the weekend．我僅在廣州呆這個周末。
6．［問］在第54課中有這樣一句話：A satellite is an object，either natural or man-made，which travels in an orbit round another object in space．這里space可換成sky嗎？ space與sky，heaven有何區別？
［答］不可以。這三個詞之間是有區別的。
space意為“太空”時，指地球大氣層以外的空間。常用單數形式，且不加冠詞，但如在space或outer space之前有形容詞修飾時，則要用定冠詞。如：
in space在太空
in the airless outer space在沒有空氣的外層空間里
put ／send up ／look into space發送入／觀察太空
space表示兩物間的距離或時間間隔意義時，常與定冠詞連用.如：
in the space of a moment一瞬間
Put this chair in the space between the two tables．請把這把椅子放在兩張桌子中間。
sky意為“天空”，指大氣層內外的空間，常有定冠詞修飾。如：
There are some planes，clouds and birds in the sky．天空中有些飛機、云彩和鳥。
We can see many stars in the sky at night from the earth．我們夜間從地球上可以看見天空中有許多星星。
heaven多指宗教色彩的“天”，意為“天堂，天國”，大寫時等于God。其復數形式可與定冠詞連用，意為“天空，蒼天”。如：
It was the will of Heaven．是天意。
Thank Heaven，you were not killed．感謝蒼天，你未被殺死。
［教材］First，it must be very light，the lighter the better．．．
［考題］If we had followed his plan，we could have done the job better with ____ money and_____ people．（MET 90）
鶤．less；less鶥．fewer；fewer鶦．less；fewer鶧．fewer；less
簡析］答案C。該題主要考查形容詞比較級的用法。money為不可數名詞，用little修飾；people為可數名詞，用few修飾。
［教材］A satellite is an object， either natural or man-made，which travels in an orbit round another object in space．
［考題］Beyond ____ stars，the astronauts saw nothing but ______ space．（NMET90）
鶤．the；不填鶥．不填；the鶦．不填；不填鶧．the；the
［簡析］答案A。該題主要考查冠詞的用法，在世界上獨一無二的事物前應使用定冠詞，如the earth， the sun，the sea，the sky。但在space前習慣不用冠詞。
［教材］The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space．
［考題］I don't think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．（MET90）
鶤．this鶥．that鶦．its鶧．it
［簡析］答案D。該題主要考查動詞不定式的替代。因句型結構的需要，可使用it替代不定式作形式主語或賓語。
［教材］There were three people from whom we attempted to find out information．
［考題］He ____ to escape from the prison，but he couldn't find anybody to help．
鶤．succeeded鶥．attempted鶦．advised鶧．offered
［簡析］該題主要考查動詞適用的句型。succeed和advise不能后接不定式作賓語，它們適用的句型為：1、succeed in（doing）sth．；2、advisedoing sth．或advise sb．to do sth．。
而offer to do sth．表示“主動幫助做某事”，attempt to do sth．表示“盡力去做某事，但不一定能成功”，故答案為B。
［教材］The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth's air．
［考題］The government will _______the working conditions of the workers．
鶤．look for鶥．look up鶦．look into鶧．look out
［簡析］該題主要考查對look構成的詞組的辨析。look for“尋找”； look up“查閱”；look out“當心”，都不合題意。look into“調查”，符合題意，故選C。
Unit14詞語辨析：invent,discover,find,find out
invent意“發明”，針對“原本不存在（只是首次制作成的）”而言；
discover是針對“原本存在，只是未被發現或未被人們所知”而言；
find是針對“原以為人知道的事或物”而言；
find out是針對“發現一種無形而隱藏的東西，有意識地去查明，弄清楚一種事實”而言。
如： Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876．亞歷山大格雷姆貝爾于1876年發明了電話。
We discovered her to be a good cook．我們發現她是個烹飪好手。
He has not found the missing child yet．他還沒有找到那個失蹤的小孩。
You'd better go and find out when the train is leaving．你最好去弄清楚火車什么時候離開。
第14單元重難點問答
1．1）I feel like going to a museum．我想去博物館。2）Which museum would you like to visit？你想參觀哪個博物館呢？
［問］上述兩句中的feel like和would like都可作“想要，愿意”解，為什么一個后接V-ing形式，而另一個要接不定式呢？
［答］因為feel like中的like是介詞，后應跟名詞、代詞或V-ing形式；而would like中的like是動詞，其后須接不定式。如：
Do you feel like having a walk with me？＝Would you like to have a walk with me？跟我一道去散散步怎么樣？
2．So far as I know，it's free．據我所知，那個博物館是不收門票的。
［問］如何理解和使用so far as？
［答］so／as far as用以引導程度狀語從句，?？勺g為“在……范圍（程度，限度）內”。本句中So far as I know作“據我所知”解，常看作是一個插入語，常用逗號與主句分開使用。如：
So／As far as I know，he will be away for three months．據我所知，他將離開三個月。
He will help you as far as he can．他會盡力幫助你。
此外，so／as far as也可表示“到達某一地點”的意思。如：
He walked as far as the post office．他走到了郵局。
I can't go as ／so far as you．我不能跟你走那么遠。
3．First，it must be very light，the lighter the better，because it has to be sent up into space by a rocket．首先，它必須很輕，越輕越好，因為衛星須得用火箭把它送入太空。
［問］請分析句中the lighter the better的結構和意義。
［答］這是一個“the＋adj．／adv．的比較級，the＋adj．／adv．的比較級”結構，該結構前面是從句，后面是主句，前呼后應，表示“越……，就越……”，這種句型?？捎檬÷孕问健Ｈ纾?/p>
The more you practise，the better you'll play．你會愈練愈精。
The more（there is），the better（it is）．越多越好。
4．They can tell the difference between healthy plants and plants that are diseased．它們（攝像機）還可以識別健康植物和患病植物之間的差異。
［問］句中tell作“辨別，分辨”解時，有哪些用法呢？
［答］tell作上述意義解時，常搭配成“tell the difference between A and B”和“tell A from B”來使用，二者都可表示“辨別A B”或“分清A B的區別”的意思。如：
Can you tell the difference between Tom and his twin brother？＝Can you tell Tom from his twin brother？你能分清湯姆和他的孿生兄弟嗎？
介詞+which/whom結構的用法
在定語從句中，有時引導定語從句的既可以是where或when，也可以是介詞＋which／whom。其中，介詞＋ which／whom引導的定語從句的現象常令同學們無所適從，不知道該用哪個介詞。那么，介詞從何而來呢？下面我們就此問題分析講解一下。
一、當先行詞在定語從句中充當介詞賓語時，可使用介詞＋which／whom的結構引導從句。指物時，只能用which；指人時，只能用whom。例如：
She is the very girl with whom I went to the conference last week．她就是我上周一同去開會的那個女孩。
He made a telescope through which he could observe the stars ．他做了個望遠鏡，用其觀察星座。
但是，若該介詞與其前的動詞是一固定詞組，則通常不拆散該詞組，該介詞仍位于定語從句的句中或句末。此時，指人時，可用who或whom；指物時，可用 which或that，且多可省略。例如：
This is the girl（who／whom） they have taken good care of for over a year ．這是他們已精心照料一年多的那個女孩。（take care of為固定詞組，不可拆開）
Skating is the sport（which ／that） people go in for in winter ．滑冰是人們冬季喜歡從事的運動。（go in for為固定詞組，不可拆開）
該結構既可引導限制性定語從句，也可引導非限制性定語從句。例如：
She is telling a story about Lei Lei ，of whom every one of our class is proud．她在講述雷雷的故事，雷雷是我們全班同學都為之感到自豪的人。
二、先行詞（短語）在定語從句中作時間、地點狀語時，定語從句可用關系副詞 when，where引導，也可使用介詞＋which引導。例如：
Do you still remember the day when（on which）we met for the first time？你還記得我們初次相見的那一天嗎？
This is the factory where（in which）my uncle works ．這是我叔叔工作的那家工廠。
但是，表示原因的the reason why，the reason（that）不可換用the reason for which。例如：
He has broken his leg．That's the reason why／that（不可用for which）he isn't here today．他摔斷了腿，那就是他今天沒來的原因。
另外，表示方式的the way（in which ／that）不可換成the way how。例如：
I don't like the way（that／in which）she speaks ．我不喜歡她說話的方式。（該句不可說成：I don't like the way how she speaks ．）
三、注意該結構與并列句的區別
介詞＋which／whom結構引導的定語從句易與并列句相混淆，試比較如下：
他有兩個兒子，現都在北京工作。
He has two sons ，both of whom are working in Bei jing now．
He has two sons ；both of them are working in Bei jing now．（注意句中是分號，而非逗號）
He has two sons ，and／but both of them are working in Bei jing now．
四、注意該結構與介詞后接賓語從句的區別
介詞后接賓語從句的結構極易與該結構相混淆，試比較如下：
He was praised for the things（deeds）which ／that he had done．（which／that引導的為定語從句，賓語從句換為定語從句時，需要加一先行詞，故不可說：He was praised for which he had done．）
介詞+關系代詞的定語從句精練簡析
本單元的語法項目是定語從句。本期第一面對介詞 ＋which／whom結構的用法進行了講解。你是否掌握了呢？仔細分析以下定語從句，然后選擇最佳答案。
1．The temperature point is the temperature______ water changes into ice．
A．at which鶥．on that鶦．in which鶧．of what
2．The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair．
A．about what B．of which鶦．in which鶧．for what
3．We admired him for the way______鷋e faced his difficulties．
A．in which鶥．in that鶦．which鶧．how
4．A telephone directory is a book ____ you can look up a person's telephone number．
A．which鶥．with which鶦．by which鶧．in which
5．He was the man______鶰aster of the Gamewas translated．
A．by whom鶥．by who鶦．by whose鶧．by him
6．The old man ____ yesterday is a scientist．
A．I spoke鶥．I spoke to鶦．whom I spoke鶧．that I spoke to him
7．Could you tell me______鷜ou have bought this fur coat for？
A．whom鶥．for whom鶦．for which鶧．where
8．Is this the book ____ she was looking for？
A．which鶥．where鶦．when鶧．the one
9．The babies ____ the nurse is looking after are very healthy．
A．which鶥．whom鶦．after which D．whoever
10．I'll always remember the day______ I visited Professor Wang．
A．on which B．that鶦．which D．in which
11．I have never been to the house______鷐y uncle lives．
A．on which鶥．in which鶦．that鶧．in that
12．The reason ____ he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to．
A．which B．that鶦．to which D．for which
簡析：
1．A。“在……溫度下”用介詞at。 2．B。“為……感到自豪”為feel proud of sth．。 3．A。in the way，“在……方式下”。 4．D。據題意為在電話本中查找號碼。 5．A。be translated by．．．，“被……翻譯”。 6．B。關系代詞省略。 7．A。 8．A。look for短語不能拆開。 9．B。10．A。on which ＝ when。 11．B。in which ＝ where。 12．D。for which ＝why。
篇6：初中英語被動語態特點和用法<\/h2>
初中英語被動語態特點和用法
一、被動語態的構成形式
1. 被動語態的基本時態變化
被動語態通常為十種時態的被動形式, 被動語態由be+過去分詞構成，be隨時態的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態的被動語態形式為：
1) am/is/are +done 一般現在時
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done 現在完成時
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done 現在進行時
例A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done 一般過去時
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 過去完成時
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 過去進行時
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般將來時
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done 過去將來時
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
例The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被動語態的特殊結構形式
1)帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態動詞+be+過去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變為被動語態時，將賓語變為被動結構中的主語，其余不動。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變為被動結構時，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞+介詞”，“動詞+副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
中考英語6種題型得高分技巧
聽力
在每段錄音開始前，快速讀完選項，預測可能選擇的答案，再集中精力聽，答案準確率就會提高;對于出現的人名、地名、日期、數字等關鍵詞要特別仔細傾聽;如果有一道題沒聽清楚，那就接著聽下一個，不要因為這一道題而影響了下面的答題;短文的首句和首段一定要注意抓聽;因為各題之間停頓時間短，考生在選擇答案時要果斷，切記患得患失。
看看段首句是什么，抓住文章最重要的段落，這些都非常關鍵;先將問題看一遍，然后帶著問題去閱讀文章，最后答題，這樣針對性強，節省答題時間;遇到不認識的單詞或看不懂的句子，根據上下文猜測其意，猜不出的話，就先跳過，繼續讀下去，因為一些疑難點往往會在下文中得到解決;平時做閱讀練習時要限時閱讀，合理分配每篇文章的閱讀時間，限制在每篇閱讀6-7分鐘。
寫作
背常用的段首段尾句;使用倒裝句、感嘆句、強調句等使老師眼前一亮的句子;將歷屆高考范文中亮麗的句子分話題積累;你需要熟背一些范文，每類體裁的都要有;背一些英語作文模版，不完全照搬，至少有框架了，而且背得多了，慢慢就形成自己的風格了，寫起來也就自如了。
單項填空
做題時要把題干讀完、讀懂;注意交際用語，有些屬于習慣用法，就不要按語法來做;因為此題型所占分值不多，當你碰到個別難題時，別花太多時間;建立“錯題本”，“吃一塹，長一智”，能從做的錯題中得到啟發，從而不再犯類似的錯誤。
完形填空
考生先快速通讀一遍全文，把握全文大意;空格前后的語境，要仔細琢磨，注意上下文之間的聯系，預測可能出現的答案;識別詞組、短語的搭配;切忌解題速度過慢。一般的解題速度是每分鐘2道題左右為宜;全部做完后，再通讀一遍，正好再仔細檢查一遍，看有沒有錯誤。
短文改錯
考生要熟悉改錯的方式：多詞、少詞、錯詞;先做拿準的題;添加或刪除的詞多為虛詞;對動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等實詞一般只是改變它的形式，很少會將其改換成另外一個詞;有時孤立地分析某個句子，可能結構正確、語義通順，但如果放到整個語篇中考慮，就會發現該句中存在不合邏輯的地方，因此一定要結合語篇進行全面分析。
